It is a popular belief that Upanishads are texts of theology and religion.
But Upanishads are also texts of science. How? Please go through this article.
Upanishads are treasure-houses of Indian spirituality and wisdom. They together with The Brahma Sutras and The
Bhagavadgita are traditionally commented upon theologically linking to God
and hence religion. Thus we have advaita
view of Sankara,, visistaadvaita view
of Ramanuja, dvaita view of Madhwa
and Saaktaadvaita view as chief and
popular views and sects are created around each of them. Vedanta Darsana and advaita
siddhanta have their roots in the Upanishads.
Upanishads together with Vedanta and
advaita philosophy can be viewed and understood from modern psychological
and scientific points of view also. Such a view reveals the psychological and
scientific content of the Upanishadic awareness. This view can be applied
beneficially to the fields of mind-machine modeling, physiological psychology
and natural language comprehension branch of artificial intelligence.
Upanishads propose the existence of
Atman in individuals and Upanishads are source books of Atma Jnana. Atma Jnana consists of the theory of the origin, structure,
function, cessation and control of mind in the four conscious states or phases
of mind in which it works and ceases to work. Atma Jnana also provides us with the details of the source of
psychic or mental energy whose changes and transformations enable us to know,
perceive, reason, intuit, understand/experience and be aware of all these
processes.
a) PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC MEANINGS OF CHIEF UPANISHADIC MAHAVAKYAS
1. Aham Brahma Asmi I AM BRHMAN I AM SELF
The
real identity of ‘I’ is Unoccupied Awareness. The state of SELF.
‘I’ is the impersonal Seer
which is the source of mental energy and guide of and witness
to transformation of mental energy as mental functions but unaffected by them and transcending both mental
functions and their cessation.
2. Tat
Tvam Asi THAT IS YOU YOU ARE THE SELF
Self and Pure Consciousnesses are same in nature,
content, structure, form (function) and presence. At a given moment either
self-consciousness or pure consciousness will be present. Self-consciousness is
super imposition over pure consciousness. Pure consciousness is continuous,
self-consciousness is transient and transitory.
3. Ayam Atma Brahma THIS ATMAN IS BRAHMAN ATMAN= BRAHMAN=SELF
Atman is Brahman – Unoccupied Awareness
–- Energy Presence without transformation.
4. Prajnanam
Brahma PRAJNANAM IS BRAHMAN
PRAJNAAM IS SELF
Brahman– as Atman –– Energy
Presence – is Mental Time- Space and
Continuous Awareness.
Prajnanam is Unoccupied (by cognitions,
thoughts, cognition-related and created experiences, senses or their retrieval)
Awareness in Pure Consciousness.
5 Raso vy Saha AWARENESS OF MEANINGFUL
EXPERIENCE/EXPERIENCED OF MEANING IS BRAHMA ALL SOUNDS & SENSES ORIGINATE
& MERGE IN SELF
Experience of Essence of the meanings of all vakyas
(sentences) - All Cognition-related experiences in the awareness of the Atman-
Meaningful Experience. Silence. Peace. Bliss.
Experienced meaning. Purport.
6. Anando Brahma BLISS IS BRAHMAN STATE OF SELF IS STATE OF BLISS
Unoccupied Awareness is bliss.
7. Sarvam Khalu Idam Brahma ALL IDAM IS
BRAHMAN ALL KNOWN/ PERCEIVED /
EXPERIENCED/UNDERSTOOD WORLD IS PART AND PARCEL OF AND CONTAINED IN SELF; IS A
SUPERIMPOSITION ON THE REAL I STATE
Idam, (prapancham or jagat
) ( all the world - the collection of cognitions sensed by sense organs through
the medium of manas) – is composed in, made up of, sustained by, rests
in and ceases to be because of and part and parcel of psychic energy pulse
generator – Atman.
b) WHAT IS ‘I’?
The real identity of ‘I’ according to Upanishads:
The term ‘I’,
denotes human consciousness. Human consciousness is awareness of human mind.
‘I’ is not
a term denoting any of an individual, individual’s body, self-consciousness,
the social status, age, gender etc.,
‘I’ is the unoccupied
awareness or pure consciousness
in the individual in the Jagrat Sishupti (wakeful sleep) consciousness
state when peace, bliss, silence and oneness or non-duality is experienced.
‘I’ is not a
person, a thought, a sense, an experience or an understanding. ‘I’ is a consciousness
which transcends all these and is a non-transforming seer and witness
to all these and is revealed and experienced as peace or bliss or silence in
wakeful sleep conscious state- the mind-transcending phase when all mental
activities in the form of thoughts and senses etc, -cease to be. And one has to
refer to this natural mental state when one refers to ‘I’.
‘I’ is unceasing, undivided continuous
blissful conscious awareness.
‘I’ or Atman is consciousness present always
(in all phases of mind) and is super-imposed but untouched by mental functions
during wakeful (Jagrat) and dream (Swapna) conscious states and
becomes sense/mood or thought or expression.
Self-consciousness arises in these two states and then ‘I’ is identified
with individual’s body, sense and thoughts about I, me, mine, mental
capabilities, gender, social status, age etc, and masks pure
consciousness. In deep sleep (Sushupti)
conscious state (like zero in number system without value but is essential and
significant) there is no awareness of the body, the within or without of the
body. No ‘I’ expression, thought,
feeling or sense or experience relating to individual exists in this mental
phase.
‘I’ or Atman is an eternal consciousness
transcending the three conscious states – wakeful, dream and deep sleep- and
observes all the mental activities or cessation of such activities taking place
in these three mental phases. ‘I’ is
also present during these phases as continuous consciousness/awareness to
happenings within and without of the body.
Upanishadic awareness uses the terms Atman, Brahman, Sat (Being), Chit
(Pure Consciousness), Ananda (Bliss), Prajnanam (mental
time-space – Unoccupied Awareness), Santhi (Peace), Maunam (Silence/Quietude/Mental
Solitude) synonymously
Atman is Brahmapadartha. Padartha is defined as an entity devoid of name and form. Atman and Brahman are one and the same. The presence of Atman provides us with mental energy (chit sakti) and mental time-space (prajnaanam). .Atman is
the source of psychic energy or chit
sakti. Because of chit sakti only
we are able to be aware of our body, mind and its functions.
From Atman, chit sakti issues
out and gets reflected in Medha as maya. Thus maya is reflected chit sakti
and is virtual (mithya), in the same
sense of presence of virtual image in the mirror which is there but is not
real. Virtual also means it is sourced from something else and its being is
dependent on its source and phase of existence is transitory compared to its
source. Maya is also known as chidaabhaasa or pranavam.
Maya, the mental energy providing current of awareness, pervades whole
body. It bifurcates and transforms into
divya and swara. Divya is the jnaana sakti. It gets divided as four antahkaranas (inner mental tools)- manas, buddhi, chittam and ahamkaaram. Sware, the praana sakti divides itself into pancha praanas- praana, apaana, vyaana, udaana and samaana.
Manas is the
inner mental tool that connects us to the outside world through sense organs
and cognition of objects takes place.
Manas also stores these cognitions as inner mental world (prapancham or idam) and retrieves from it when necessary the cognitions as jagat in the form of thoughts or
feelings (bhavas).
These cognitions when taking place create perceptions and simultaneously
cause corresponding experiences to us. These are called vasanas (remembrances). Vasana,
which include also the meanings or senses of words and sentences we learn, are
sensed, stored and retrieved by the inner mental tool chittam.
The inner mental tool buddhi
gives the ability for intellectual operations and discrimination. The inner
mental tool ahamkaram gives us self-consciousness.
Self-consciousness is a bunch of thoughts and feelings in the individual about
oneself as I, me and mine, like the features of body, gender, job, social
status, loves, hatreds, mental qualities and traits etc., when ‘I’ is
identified with the individual’s body and mind.
Prana sakti
activates action organs which act and react according to the perception created
when knowing an object (vishaya)
takes place. Thus Atmajnaana
expounded by the Upanishds provides the software of mental functions.
Our learning of various languages, knowledge, subjects, disciplines and
skills and actions and interactions using mind are thus chit energy transformations in mental time space known as
unoccupied awareness (prajnaanam)
provided by Atman.
Our mental functions are a combined operation
of Atman, maya, antahkaranaas,
panchpraanas, jnaanendriyaas (sense organs- eye, ear, nose, tongue and
skin) and karmendriyaas (action
organs-speech, movements relating to hands, legs, bowels and reproductive organ).
Atman is the result of breathing process.
Srestaprana, (most possibly O2,
and the consequent rhythmic gaseous
exchange taking place in the lungs)) is given as the body (tanu) of Atman.
Thus we can say that Atman
is a bio-oscillator which generates psychic energy pulses which are responsible
for mental energy materially (chit sakti) and also for mental
time-space. Maya is a series of reflected and virtual chit energy
pulses, which flow throughout the body enabling us to be conscious-beings. Thus
chit sakti first transforms as maya and then maya
transforms as as jnaana sakti and praana sakti creating antahkaranas
(inner mental tools) and pancha praanas respectively activating sense
organs and action organs and hence causes various conscious states and phases
of mind.
Further, Atman –
the Sat-Chit-Ananda- as Sat
gives humans the ability to relate themselves to the body, their self (egoistic
mind), aches/pains/sensations within (to have self-consciousness) and without
of their body, as Chit gives the ability to know, to perceive, to think
and as Ananda to experience, to understand, to create and remove moods, to
know the meanings of utterances and experiences and as Sat-Chit-Ananda
gives humans the ability to be aware of all these. If humans are involved in
these mental functions with an egoistic mind, they are self-conscious (jivatma/egoistic
state of mind / individual) and if they witness these
transcending as a seer or witness (saakshi) uninvolved and
unaffected, they are pure consciousness (paramatma / egoless/ego-transcending
/Divine).
When studied with an open
mind and further contemplation like this, it becomes clear that Upanishads
are actually Texts of Science on Human Mind. The Atmajnana
(Knowledge of Self) as revealed in the Upanishads is an integrated
psychology in mental energy-presence and -transformation terms.
References:
Ramabrahmam, V, Being and Becoming: A
Physics and Upanishadic awareness of time and thought process, Ludus Vitalis,
International Journal of Philosophy of Life Sciences, Vol. XIII, Number 24,
2005, pp.139-152.
Ramabrahmam, V., The Science of human
consciousness, Ludus Vitalis, International Journal of Philosophy of Life
Sciences, Vol. XV, Number 27, 2007, pp. 127-142.
Ramabrahmam, V, Physical Structure and
Function of Mind: A Modern Scientific Translation of Advaita Philosophy with
application and implications to cognitive sciences and natural language
comprehension, paper presented at the national seminar on Sanskrit in Modern
Context, held at Department of Sanskrit Studies, University of Hyderabad,
February 11th-13th, 2008.
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